Embodied cognition and emotion, two variables improving memory abilities in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether emotions and enactment can jointly increase memory performance in nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHOD: Actions' drawings with negative, positive, or neutral valence were presented to 17 PD patients, 17 AD patients, and 37 elderly controls, matched to age. Two conditions of intentional encoding were proposed to each participant: one verbal, in which participants had to name the represented actions; and one motor, in which they had to mime the displayed actions. Thereafter, participants were submitted to an immediate free recall task and a delayed recognition task. RESULTS: The enactment effect was found in all three groups. The effect of emotion was also observed in that all three groups recalled negative actions better than both neutral and positive (PD patients), only neutral (AD patients), or only positive actions (elderly controls). Positive actions were not recalled better than neutral actions in any group. CONCLUSIONS: These results constitute an evidence for the preservation of the enactment effect and of the emotion effect on memory in AD and PD patients. However, they do not support the hypothesis of the combined effect of emotion and enactment on memory, neither in AD and PD patients nor in normal aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of Emotion and Type of Encoding on Memory for Actions: Verbal and Subject-Performed Tasks.

BACKGROUND: The present study examines whether the interaction between emotion and the enactment effect (body involvement) improves memory in people with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Two experiments with drawings of actions were conducted, in which two types of encoding were used: motor and verbal. In experiment 1, with 13 AD patients and 13 older healthy adults, the encoding was incidental. In experiment 2, with 17 mild AD patients and 21 older healthy adults, it was intentional. RESULTS: In experiment 1, no effect of enactment or emotion was observed in the AD patients. In experiment 2, effects of enactment and emotion (better recall for negative actions) were observed in the AD patients. This pattern of results was also observed in the elderly control adults in both experiments. CONCLUSION: These results confirm effects observed in normal ageing and indicate a more subtle effect on AD.